Qian Xiuling: A Scientist, A Hero, A Lifesaver

23 Mar 2025

History is often shaped by the courage and intelligence of remarkable individuals whose contributions transcend borders and disciplines. Qian Xiuling is one such extraordinary figure—a Chinese-Belgian scientist who not only made significant strides in chemistry but also became a war hero during World War II.

Her daring actions saved nearly 100 Belgian lives from Nazi execution, solidifying her legacy as both an intellectual powerhouse and a humanitarian icon.

From a young woman with a passion for science to an unsung heroine of the war, Qian Xiuling's journey is a testament to bravery, intelligence, and compassion. This article delves into her life, her remarkable acts of heroism, and the lasting impact she left on both China and Belgium.

Early Life and Academic Pursuits: An Extraordinary Human in Science

Born in 1912 in Yixing, Jiangsu Province, China, Qian Xiuling displayed an exceptional aptitude for academics early on. At a time when women's education was not a priority in many societies, she defied expectations by pursuing higher education in science.

In the 1920s, she moved to Belgium to study chemistry at the Catholic University of Louvain (Université catholique de Louvain). She excelled in her studies and became one of the first Chinese women to earn a doctoral degree in chemistry. Her academic prowess earned her respect in European scientific circles, and she later became a naturalized Belgian citizen.

Despite her scientific ambitions, fate had different plans for her. The outbreak of World War II would catapult Qian Xiuling into an entirely different kind of battle—one that would require not just intellect, but also immense courage.

Lesson: The Power of Knowledge and Education – As one of the first Chinese women to earn a doctorate in chemistry, Qian showed that education is a powerful tool for personal growth and societal impact. Her scientific contributions and advocacy for STEM fields continue to inspire future generations.

A Lifesaver During World War II: The Bold Rescue Mission

While Qian Xiuling was building a life in Belgium, Nazi Germany invaded the country in 1940, plunging it into war. As the Nazis tightened their grip, resistance movements sprang up across Europe.

In the Belgian town of Écaussinnes, where Qian lived with her husband, Belgian partisans actively opposed the German occupation.

In 1944, the Nazis arrested nearly 100 Belgian resistance fighters and sentenced them to execution. Among them was a close family friend of Qian's. Desperate to save them, she devised a bold plan.

Leveraging her connections, she sought an audience with General Alexander von Falkenhausen, the German military governor of Belgium. Qian’s family had ties with him from his previous diplomatic assignments in China, and she used this link to request clemency for the prisoners.

Her courage and eloquence persuaded Falkenhausen to intervene. As a result, the execution was halted, and the prisoners were released—a rare and extraordinary victory against Nazi oppression.

Qian Xiuling had risked everything to save innocent lives, an act that would etch her name into history as a wartime heroine.

“As an easterner, she saved so many Belgians. She should have a place in history” - Xu Yanzhang.

Lesson: Courage in the Face of Adversity – Qian Xiuling risked her life to save nearly 100 Belgian resistance fighters during World War II. Her bravery teaches us that standing up for what is right, even in dangerous circumstances, can make a profound difference.

Contributions to Science: Pioneering in Chemistry

Even amidst the chaos of war, Qian Xiuling never lost her passion for science. After the war, she resumed her research and contributed significantly to the field of chemistry.

Her work was particularly focused on organic chemistry, and she became a respected scholar in Belgium.

Her academic career, though often overshadowed by her wartime heroics, was equally noteworthy.

She mentored young scientists, promoted scientific collaboration between China and Belgium, and remained an advocate for women in STEM fields.

Qian Xiuling’s dedication to research and education not only advanced scientific knowledge but also served as an inspiration to aspiring scientists worldwide.

Lesson: Bridging Cultures Through Compassion – Living between China and Belgium, Qian used her unique position to foster understanding and cooperation. Her story reminds us that cultural differences should not divide us, but rather be a source of strength in uniting people for a greater cause.

Legacy and Recognition: Honored in Two Nations

Despite her heroism, Qian Xiuling’s story remained largely unknown outside of Belgium and China for many years. However, both nations have since recognized her immense contributions.

In Belgium, she was widely celebrated for her courage during World War II. A street in Écaussinnes was named after her—"Rue Perlinghi," after her married name, "Qian Xiuling-Perlinghi." She was also honored by the Belgian government for her wartime bravery.

China, too, has acknowledged her legacy. In 2018, Chinese state media produced a television series titled Qian Xiuling, which brought her incredible story to a broader audience. She is remembered not only as a brilliant scientist but also as a selfless humanitarian who upheld the highest moral values.

Personal Life and Challenges: The Woman Behind the Hero

Beyond her public achievements, Qian Xiuling led a life filled with both joy and hardship. She married Belgian engineer Albert Perlinghi, with whom she built a life in Belgium.

However, her identity as a Chinese woman in a foreign land came with its own challenges, especially during times of global conflict and political shifts.

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Her wartime efforts, while heroic, also placed her in considerable danger. Any misstep could have led to dire consequences for her and her family. Yet, she never wavered in her commitment to justice and humanity.

In her later years, she continued to bridge cultural gaps between China and Belgium, advocating for scientific and diplomatic exchanges. She passed away in 2008, leaving behind a legacy of bravery, intellect, and kindness.

Conclusion: A Life of Courage, Knowledge, and Compassion

Qian Xiuling’s story is one of extraordinary intellect and immense bravery. She was not just a scientist but also a humanitarian who risked everything to save lives during one of history’s darkest periods.

Her contributions to chemistry and her heroism in World War II make her a unique figure—one whose legacy continues to inspire.

Xiuling’s life teaches us that courage can take many forms—whether in the laboratory, in the face of war, or in the pursuit of justice.

Qian Xiuling remains a role model for scientists, women, and anyone who believes in standing up for what is right. Her name may not be as widely known as some war heroes or scientific pioneers, but her impact is undeniable and everlasting.

To learn more about Xiuling’ s life, read Forget Me: Madame Qian Xiuling-The Belgian Schindler